Prefabricated Wall Panels: A Review of Structural Systems, Mechanical Properties, and Evaluation Indices

Zhanhang Cheng

doi:10.62051/ajmse.v1n2.20

Authors

Zhanhang Cheng School of Pipelinel Engineering College, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065 China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62051/ajmse.v1n2.20

Keywords:

Prefabricated Buildings, Composite Wall Panels, Mechanical Properties, Connection Nodes, Multi-criteria Lifecycle Evaluation

Abstract

With the rapid acceleration of prefabricated construction worldwide, new architectural wall panels have emerged as a critical vanguard of sustainable, high-efficiency engineering. Serving as a new generation of cement-based composites and lightweight structural assemblies, modern prefabricated panels feature ultra-high strength, exceptional toughness, superb thermal or acoustic insulation, and outstanding durability. This paper provides a comprehensive, deep-dive academic review synthesizing recent advancements across ultra-high space embedded wall panels, autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) panels, light steel keel wallboards, and layered concrete-insulated composite systems. By aggregating recent empirical and numerical datasets, this review systematically dissects material composition optimization, joint connection mechanisms (rigid vs. flexible), structural reinforcement parameters, and multi-criteria lifecycle evaluation index systems. The findings demonstrate that while prefabricated wall technologies are maturing rapidly, critical challenges remain regarding the optimization of structural composite action, the elimination of localized thermal bridges, and the harmonization of objective-subjective lifecycle weighting. This review highlights prospective research paradigms to guide multi-scale testing, numerical standardization, and intelligent construction in green infrastructure.

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